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This revelatory account of how the Vatican saved thousands of Jews during WWII shows why history must exonerate "Hitler's Pope"
Accused of being "silent" during the Holocaust, Pope Pius XII and the Vatican of World War II are now exonerated in Gordon Thomas's newest investigative work, The Pope's Jews. Thomas's careful research into new, first-hand accounts reveal an underground network of priests, nuns and citizens that risked their lives daily to protect Roman Jews.
Investigating assassination plots, conspiracies, and secret conversions, Thomas unveils faked documentation, quarantines, and more extraordinary actions taken by Catholics and the Vatican. The Pope's Jews finally answers the great moral question of the War: Why did Pope Pius XII refuse to condemn the genocide of Europe's Jews?
- Sales Rank: #899708 in Books
- Published on: 2012-10-02
- Released on: 2012-10-02
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.21" h x .81" w x 6.14" l, 1.19 pounds
- Binding: Hardcover
- 336 pages
Review
“Many may find fault with the pope's decision to "keep silent" and not single out by name the Nazis or their crimes; however, Thomas is convincing in his revelations about the pope's secret work and relays how complex and sensitive these issues were for everyone involved at the time. Any World War II history buff or Holocaust researcher will find this book an important balance to existing historical scholarship.” ―Library Journal on The Pope's Jews
“The reputation of Pius XII, pope from 1939 to 1958, has been subjected to criticism for the pontiff's alleged silence about the Holocaust. The best-known Pius-bashing title is Hitler's Pope, by John Cornwell (1999). In this rebuttal to Cornwell and other critics, Thomas recounts the period of maximum danger for the Vatican during WWII, from September 1943 to June 1944, when German forces occupied Rome, and Hitler sought to kidnap the pope. He also tried to capture the city's Jewish population, an operation that largely fizzled from the Nazi point of view, with most Jews eluding the dragnet (although about 1,200 did not). How the rest were saved is Thomas's main case for Pius, which he makes by narrating activities of local Jewish leaders, Vatican prelates, and German officers. When the SS sprang its trap, thousands of Jews had received shelter in Rome's churches, convents, and the Vatican itself. Suggesting that Pius was responsible for this, Thomas presents an earnest defense while sketching Rome's menacing atmosphere during the Nazi occupation. Pair this title with Ralph McInerney's Defamation of Pius XII (2001).” ―Booklist on The Pope's Jews
“Gordon Thomas's new book The Pope's Jews: The Vatican's secret Plan to Save the Jews from the Nazis, is one of the few books that accurately reflects the truth of the terrible years of the War II based on primary source documented evidence rather than unsupported accusations. He logically assembles the jig saw puzzle of evidence and analyzes it with his personal lifelong wisdom, into an easy to read page turner. Mr. Thomas will be further sustained with the opening of the Vatican Secret Archives. I think this book should one day make a very exciting film.” ―Gary Krupp on The Pope's Jews
“[Thomas's] book will ignite a contentious debate about the interpretation of his evidence and Pius's role during the Holocaust.” ―Publishers Weekly on The Pope's Jews
“An episodic, fast-paced narrative.” ―Kirkus Reviews on The Pope's Jews
“With knowledge cultivated by the serious study of espionage, Gordon Thomas sees through disinformation that has obscured the view of others. With the determination of a great investigator, he provides accounts that were previously unknown, and with the writing skills of a bestselling author, he breathes life into the story of Pope Pius XII and the Jews of World War II. The Pope's Jews is a riveting account of an immensely important but often misunderstood slice of history.” ―Ronald J. Rychlak, author of Hitler, the War, and the Pope and Righteous Gentiles on The Pope's Jews
“A highly readable, and often riveting, book that gives a very good sense not only of the difficulties faced by the Catholics in saving their fellow Jewish Italian citizens but in surviving the daily obstacles of finding food for themselves.” ―Dr. Eugene Fisher, a leading Catholic scholar, The Catholic News Service on The Pope's Jews
“In The Pope's Jews Thomas explores the controversy in depth, revealing dramatic new details. Thomas is no ordinary writer: he is one of the most prominent political and investigative journalist of our time. What gives the Pope's Jews such power is its immediacy. The heroes were many – even though now long forgotten – but Thomas' book brilliantly brings them back to life, paying them homage and providing some long-overdue recognition. All Jews and Catholics – and not only them – should read this vitally important book.” ―William Doino, contributing editor Inside the Vatican on The Pope's Jews
“Thomas is convincing about the Pope's secret work.” ―Social Science on The Pope's Jews
“The Pope during World War II supposedly did little as Europe's Jews were exterminated wholesale. Gordon Thomas sets out to debunk that notion. The Pope's Jews show how Pius oversaw a covert network of priests, nuns and Roman citizens who forged documents and smuggled Jewish refugees to Switzerland, the United States and Palestine while Vatican infirmaries became hiding places. The Pope was considered such a threat that Nazi officials hatched a plot to kidnap him. All the while he had to keep the Germans from finding out about the secret operations that saved hundreds of lives.” ―The Washington Post on The Pope's Jews
“The Pope's Jews offers an extraordinary well-researched account as well as a magnificent portrait of the refugees, the residents of Rome's ghetto and Rome's Catholic community. In doing so Thomas has provided a most welcome addition to the fight to preserve Pius' good name. This book follows the timeline of events as they actually occur: headline making events as the Ardeatine massacre , Hitler's demand for gold, the bombing of Rome by Allied planes and the battle for Rome. To his credit the author lists his sources. In Thomas' The Pope's Jews there is little reason to expect the opening of the archives will alter the end results that the Catholic Church under Pope Pius' leadership, rescued more Jews than any other institution or government.” ―Bill Loughlin, The National Catholic Register on The Pope's Jews
“Thomas' riveting narrative relates the wartime decision in regard to the Jews made by Pope Pius XII. He cites the Pope's orders to open convent and monastery doors to harbour Jews, issuing Vatican passports that allowed thousands of German Jews to leave Nazi Germany. As Thomas notes "the wartime files will fully end the controversy about ‘Hitler's Pope' and silence the argument that he is not worthy to become a saint of the Roman Catholic Church.” ―Jack Fischel, The Jewish Book Council of America on The Pope's Jews
“Literally impossible to put down.” ―The New York Times on Gideon's Spies
“Tells it like it was--and like it is.” ―Meir Amit, former Director General of Mossad on Gideon's Spies
“A compelling read, with any number of disturbing revelations.” ―FHM on Gideon's Spies
“Authoritative history of Britain's spy services by a veteran who has been writing about "the Great Game" for fifty years [and a] well-written page-turner that demystifies the notoriously foggy "wilderness of mirrors.” ―Kirkus Reviews on Secret Wars
“A fine depiction of the multifaceted context of this cause célèbre.” ―Kirkus Reviews on Operation Exodus
About the Author
GORDON THOMAS is a bestselling author of forty books published worldwide, and a leading expert on the often sinister world of secret intelligence. He lives in England.
Excerpt. © Reprinted by permission. All rights reserved.
1
A WAY TO DIE
On that cheerless winter morning, February 10, 1939, Eugenio Maria Guiseppe Pacelli stood in the bedroom doorway, watching what was happening around the brass-framed bed. The two middle-aged nuns went about their work with the gentle movements he expected. Dealing with the dead was something years of experience had given them. For Pacelli dying was a guarantee of afterlife. Long ago he had learned that promise from his mother, Virginia, a pious daughter of the Roman Catholic Church.
Her son was His Eminence, the cardinal secretary of state of the Holy See, the second most powerful figure in the church. An hour ago, following the death of the old man in the bed, Pope Pius XI, Pacelli had become the most important figure in the entire Catholic world. He was now the Camerlengo, a position which combined the role of the Vatican treasurer and chamberlain of the Holy See. He would be responsible for organizing the funeral of Pope Pius XI and the conclave to elect a new pope.
Pacelli was sixty-four years old, of medium height, and slim with a typical Roman nose—straight with narrow nostrils and a slight bump in the middle of its ridge. Behind his old-fashioned spectacles was the look of a man who understood a situation at once.
Through the closed window of the bedroom high in the Vatican’s Apostolic Palace, from two hundred feet below, came the murmuring of the crowd in St. Peter’s Square, praying for the soul of Pope Pius XI, the church’s 261st supreme pontiff. For twenty years he had held numerous titles, offices, and power which had directly affected the lives of many millions of Catholics. For days Pius had been at death’s door, barely kept alive by the drugs his doctors administered. They had left the bedroom, their work finally over. Soon Pacelli would begin his.
Pacelli continued to watch the body, still clad in its white nightshirt. A nun had removed the bed socks the pope had worn because of his poor blood circulation, one of his many medical ailments. He was eighty-one years old, his skin taut on his skull, his hair wispy gray, and the veins stood out on the back of his hands. His eyes had been closed; no longer would they look with gentle inquiry.
Only days ago they had looked at Pacelli as he had sat at the bedside and they had spoken on a familiar subject, the fate of the Jews, or, more precisely, that of Guido Mendes and his family. To the pope and Pacelli they represented what was happening to Jews in Germany and Italy, in all those countries where anti-Semitism was spreading.
Guido Mendes was the son of a Roman Jewish family whose lineage went back to Fernando Mendes, the court physician to King Charles II of England. Eugenio had sat next to Guido at school and later in college. By then they were close friends; Eugenio was a regular guest at the Mendeses’ Sabbath dinners, Guido had his place at the Christmas Day Pacelli table. By the time Eugenio began to train for the priesthood and Guido had entered medical school, Eugenio’s circle of Jewish friends had widened to a dozen. They came to his ordination and watched him celebrate his first Mass. He had walked with them around St. Peter’s Square, pointing out the various statues of saints on top of Bernini’s colonnade. They had taught him basic Hebrew.
In a lifetime of travel when Pacelli returned to Rome he always made a point of inviting his Jewish friends to meet him. Increasingly they had questioned him about the treatment of Jews and he had told them what he had seen and heard had pained him and promised he would fight anti-Semitism with all the power he had.
That authority had reached its peak when Pacelli was appointed secretary of state in 1930. He had invited Mendes and his other Jewish friends to attend the ceremony and afterward introduced them to Pius XI.
On what was to be their last conversation before the pope had died, Pacelli had told him the Mendes family was now safely in Palestine. Until a year ago Guido had been a professor of medicine at the University of Rome medical school until Mussolini’s anti-Semitic racial laws had led to his dismissal. Pacelli had immediately asked the British minister to the Holy See, Sir D’Arcy Osborne, to provide the family with entry permits to Palestine, then a British mandate. Osborne’s readiness to help had started a friendship with Pacelli that would last.
Afterward Pacelli had also arranged for a number of other eminent Jewish scholars, doctors, and scientists to emigrate to the United States, South America, and other countries. He arranged for those who could not leave Rome because of family reasons—a seriously ill wife or a child at a critical part of his or her education—to have posts in the Vatican. They included a world-ranking cartographer, Roberto Almagia, who produced a monograph of the Holy Land. Since the racial laws twenty-three Jewish scholars were found positions by Pacelli in the Gregorian University, the Academy of Science, and the Vatican library.
On his deathbed Pope Pius XI had spoken of the need for Pacelli to continue his campaign against anti-Semitism.
One of the attending doctors would recall that Pacelli was close to tears as the pope said he must continue to be a defender of the Jewish people.
* * *
The nuns had completed their work and murmured the traditional words: “O Lord, I raise to you my prayer…” Below in the square came the sound of traffic and police setting up barriers to control the growing crowd gathering to mourn the passing of the pope.
Pacelli continued to gauge the moment for him to walk over to the bed. The emotions aroused by death were already settling over the bedroom. The faces of the two nuns were mournful, their voices soft as they prayed. Beyond the window the first rays of the sun passed above the limpid Tiber to touch the cross on top of the basilica of St. Peter. From the square the sound of prayer grew louder. Pacelli walked into the bedroom pausing only for the two nuns to leave. He stood beside the bed and delivered his own prayer.
* * *
As dawn began to lighten the sky beyond the bedroom window, Pacelli knew that before he could begin the funeral preparations and settle a thousand matters before a new pope was chosen in conclave, he must perform his first duty as a camerlengo. He removed the Fisherman’s Ring from the pope’s right index finger. Later he would use silver shears to break the ring in front of the assembled College of Cardinals before they went into conclave. When a pope was elected he would receive his new ring, a further symbol of his authority.
Pacelli bent over the body and kissed the forehead and hands before leaving the bedroom, closing the door behind him.
* * *
His office was on the third floor of the Apostolic Palace. At that early hour the view from any of its windows was impressive. Stretching into the distance were the domes, spires, towers, monuments, palaces, and parks of Rome. To the right of the windows rose the basilica; long ago, when Pacelli had become a fully fledged diplomat, he had memorized its proportions: 651 feet long, 535 feet high, with 71 supporting columns, 44 altars, and 395 statues. He found the details useful in making polite talk at official functions. To the left of the windows was the roof of the Sistine Chapel, offering no clue to the splendor inside. It was there that the cardinals would elect a new pope.
Pacelli sat at a sixteenth-century desk made in the days of Paul VI. It had a hand-tooled leather writing pad, a small clock in a solid-gold frame, a gold-top roll blotter, and a letter opener. They were gifts from his family to celebrate his appointment as secretary of state. One wall was covered with shelving holding leather-bound volumes of Vatican canon law and treaties Pacelli had worked on.
Pacelli placed his first telephone call of the day through one of the nuns who manned the Vatican switchboard. In moments he was connected to Count Galeazzo Ciano, the Italian foreign minister, informing him that the pope was dead. Having expressed his condolences on behalf of the government, Ciano told Mussolini. The duce had replied, “At last the obstinate old man is gone.”
Throughout the day the camerlingo had sent the same message to apostolic nuncios around the world. “Deeply regret to inform you Holy Father passed away. Inform all relevant. Yours in Christ, Pacelli, camerlengo.”
Across the world the first wire-service reports of the death were appearing in newspapers. In the office of L’Osservatore Romano in a featureless building near the Porta Sant Anna, one of the gateways to the Vatican, the editor, Count Giuseppe Dalla Torre, was preparing the next edition which would be entirely devoted to the pope’s death.
* * *
The winter sun had risen over the Vatican when the two Swiss Guards entered the bedroom of Pope Pius XI. They moved his body off the bed, onto a trolley, and draped it in a purple cloth. The two guards wheeled the gurney to a nearby service elevator and took the body down to the basement of the Apostolic Palace and through the corridors to a room beneath the basilica. Waiting there was the undertaker appointed by Camerlingo Pacelli to prepare the body for lying-in-state in St. Peter’s.
* * *
That night Pacelli sat at his desk and read the messages which had come from papal nuncios in Berlin, Warsaw, and Prague. All told the same story: Throughout the Third Reich the persecution of Jews not only continued but had increased. In the German capital Hitler had told a rally there was a need to find a solution for the “Jewish problem.”
When he finished reading, Pacelli drafted a message to all the nuncios in the expanding Third Reich. He had prayed for guidance before instructing them on an issue which had been raised on behalf of the German church: W...
Most helpful customer reviews
41 of 43 people found the following review helpful.
A Review of Facts, Not Emotions.
By Mr. Tom
This is an excellent contribution to the history of the era and the topic of Europe's Jews during WWII. The author uses real facts, data, and documents that show concerted effort by Vatican clerics and staff to put their own lives at risk by helping thousands of Europe's Jews, and specifically those from Rome evade Nazi capture. There are sensitive reflections from Rome's surviving Jewish Ghetto, a significant part of Rome's history. This reader followed the detailed description of German roundup of Rome's Jewish families, with parents and children herded into trucks and driving away. Only the most closed minded or insensitive could not leave such pages without sadness, watery eyes, and a sense of grief. And yet, the author shows at the same time that many more Jewish families were hidden in convents, churches, Catholic hospitals and within the walls of the Vatican, all with the direct approval of Pius XII. Then an eager Vatican staff of clergy and laymen went into the streets to find and hide their Jewish neighbors, with risk of life for themselves. This is the real history that makes sense. The author doesn't hide the fact that certain members of the Vatican's staff were German and had Fascists sympathies, some even blatantly anti-Semitic. This too is honest history of the facts. But the direction and leadership that allowed the Vatican to become a shelter to Jews in the face of German atrocity is the real history. And until now, this story was not really known or was purposely suppressed by an anti Christian mythology perpetrated by those that otherwise cry "diversity."
The author shows that the Vatican, as a neutral sovereign state, had difficult judgments to make with the German occupation of Rome; be too public in those actions that oppose the Germans and your neutrality will be deemed invalid, and then the Vatican is destroyed and looted and its residents and refugees are captured. This was the dilemma of all of Europe in the 1930's and into WWII. That the pope, the church, any church, or the Jews of Europe themselves could have done more to stave off the Nazi terror need not be a condemnation of the church, the Jews, or Pius XII. All got caught in the grip of fear and the unknown of what the Nazi's would or would not do, until they did it. Blaming those that didn't do enough requires all in Europe in the early 1930's to be able to read the future. None did or could. But when called upon to help in the midst of the murdering of Rome's Jews and Jews elsewhere, this book shows that Pius XII and his church in Rome did indeed help, and more than they have been given credit for-until now. A must read for a serious reader of history that wants to truly understand the facts during the time these facts were happening.
15 of 15 people found the following review helpful.
THE REST OF THE STORY
By SCIPIO
"The Pope's Jews" by Gordon Thomas" describes the words and actions of Pope Pius's XII during World War II. World War II was like an exploding volcano hurling death and destruction everywhere. The casualties were enormous Russia had about 10 million war dead and about 14 million dead as a result of crimes against humanity- religious and class persecution.. In Poland, about 5 million were killed as a result of crimes against humanity. The Germans sustained more than 5 million "military deaths" and about 3 million dead as a result of collateral deaths and crimes against humanity in Germany.
The related information is grounded in reality and adds to the knowledge of what is known.
Pope Pius XII had no divisions and had no weapons. Yet, despite the lack of resources he was instrumental in saving many lives. What he had and those who cooperated with him had been made available to the persecuted. On a visit to the United State Pacelli later to become Pius XII "silenced" a popular priest for perceived anti-Semitism. and CBS lost an audience of thirty million every Sunday afternoon.
Even before the war started, he told the church leaders to help Jews leave Germany with the financial assistance of the Church. At pg. 49 of the book the author recounts the morning of September 1, 1939 (The day Hitler invaded Poland).
On that morning, the Pope issued encoded orders to Archbishop Pacini in Poland to start organizing Poland's Jews into hiding places in every available shelter. A second encoded message went to Monsignor Ironically in Istanbul "to prepare thousands of baptismal certificates to give Jews, which would allow them passage through Turkey to the Holy Land."
Other messages were to be sent to all other nuncios and bishops in neutral countries ordering them to increase "all pressure you can on their host governments to provide visas for Polish Jews.".
He also contacted Fr. Alan Weber to set up a network to help German Jews to emigrate from Germany to Rome.
The fact that the baptismal certificates were actually issued and provision made where possible reinforces the conclusion that the messages were sent, received and acted upon While those who did little or nothing to help the persecuted in Germany and Russia wrung their hands criticizing Pius XII, he was one of the few who actually did do something whereby many lives were saved.
In "Jews" by George E. Berkley on page 202 in the paragraph starting `When the deportations began...similar actions are described in the Pope's attempts to aid the persecuted people.
While the world slept and denied what they knew was happening, it appears that somebody was doing something. When the veterans came home they showed us photos of the atrocities.
The holocaust happened and so few did anything. The dead were truly our brothers and sisters.As the facts become known and are known justice to the victims deserves an honest and fair appraisal of what happened and an honest understanding as to the challenges confronting leaders and those who did what they could to help them.
The activities of the Pontiff were necessarily in secret, but the effects of what he ordered such as the preparation of baptismal certificates did take place, people were housed and fed in Church facilities. Playing cat and mouse with Hitler and his goons took extraordinary courage, intelligence and prudence when you are not the cat.
31 of 35 people found the following review helpful.
The book earned five stars
By K
We have been listening to liberals in the media for too long and this book proves it. The Pope saved thousands of Jews in Italy and Europe by instructing priests to issue false baptismal certificates and nuns to hide them in convents. The purpose of all the slander against the Pope is liberal hatred of Christianity. Don't listen to it. Read this. Of course Pius remained silent. He concluded that the retaliation against Jews would be even worse if he spoke out. Bombing the Vatican wouldn't bother the Nazis at all. Pius was playing a double game, pretending to be neutral and hidig Jews and helping them escape. Hey! Maybe Hollywood should make a movie! Fat chance.
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